• ATM is required for the

  2025-01-15

  

  ATM is required for the proper function of the DNA-repair pathway in response to bleomycin-induced DNA damage in mammalian cells [55], [56]. Recent reports suggest that ATM activation by double-strand breaks leads to the subsequent ATR activation [57], [58], [59]. The recruitment of ATR to double-st

• Firms are subject to corporate

  2025-01-14

  

  Firms are subject to corporate taxation, and face either an ACE or a CBIT tax scheme. The two tax regimes achieve financing neutrality by treating debt and equity equally, but differ according to whether deduction of capital costs from the corporate tax 3-Hydroxy-1,2,3-benzotriazin-4(3H)-one is all

• In the previous study we demonstrated the

  2025-01-14

  

  In the previous study, we demonstrated the importance of the mPFC postsynaptic 5-HT1A receptor in the sustained antidepressant effects, because a sustained antidepressant effect was obtained with intra-mPFC injection, but not systemic injection of 8-OH-DPAT, a 5-HT1A receptor agonist (Fukumoto et al

• Axl which belongs to the Tyro

  2025-01-14

  

  Axl, which belongs to the Tyro-Axl-Mer (TAM) family of RTKs, has been reported to regulate a variety of physiological processes including cell survival, proliferation, migration and adhesion, through the activation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/V-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog (

• ursolic acid We also measured macrophage infiltration and CL

  2025-01-14

  

  We also measured macrophage infiltration and CLS presence in peri-gonadal AT from db/db mice and controls. CLS are morphological features within AT that are accurate indicators of adipocyte death and macrophage infiltration [56]. An earlier study showed that CLS macrophages account for >90% of the t

• We next sought to determine

  2025-01-14

  

  We next sought to determine the kinase responsible for IR-induced phosphorylation of 53BP1. Because the sites under investigation all lie in a consensus sequence for ATM, ATR and DNA-PK, that are all activated by IR, the involvement of each of these kinases was investigated. Preincubation of Tanshin

• mRNA stability in vitro br Introduction Endothelial progenit

  2025-01-14

  

  Introduction Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) present a class of blood cells with an ability to form new blood vessels relying on pre-existing vessels, which contribute to postnatal angiogenesis [1], [2]. A wide range of studies have demonstrated that EPCs play a critical role in angiogenesis

• We now present a series

  2025-01-13

  

  We now present a series of findings obtained in heterologous expression systems, brain slices, and living animals that suggest that any interaction between mGlu7 and α1-adrenergic receptors exists, is specific, and is physiologically and behaviourally relevant. Materials and methods Norepinephri

• AMPK is a serine threonine protein kinase composed of

  2025-01-13

  

  AMPK is a serine/threonine protein kinase composed of a catalytic α subunit with the activating phosphorylation site (Thr172) and two regulatory subunits, β and γ. The two AMPK variants, α1 and α2, show different cellular localization in mammalian cells. AMPKα2 is detected in nuclear and non-nuclear

• Moreover our results indicate that ADP is

  2025-01-13

  

  Moreover, our results indicate that ADP is by far a better phosphate donor than AMP (Table 2). Yet, the bindings of AMP and ATP are mutually exclusive, whereas the bindings of ADP and ATP are additive (Fig. 7). The multiplicity of the phosphate donors in the TgAK reaction (Tables 1 & 2), suggests th

• Cofilin is an additional actin severing protein present in s

  2025-01-13

  

  Cofilin is an additional FRAX486 severing protein present in sperm cells that undergo phosphorylation/inactivation on serine 3 by Lim kinases (LIMK) and by Tes kinases (TESK) [48]. LIMK can be activated by several pathways, including one through the Rho/ROCK/LIMK cascade [49], [50], [51]. Another wa

• In pioneering work from Ikeda and colleagues showed that GMF

  2025-01-13

  

  In 2006, pioneering work from Ikeda and colleagues showed that GMF localizes to and regulates the natural aromatase inhibitors cytoskeleton (see Glossary), and noted its sequence similarity to ADF/cofilin[11]. In 2009, the structure of GMF [6] was solved, revealing it to be a bona fide member of the

• Taken together our results indicated that LOX

  2025-01-13

  

  Taken together, our results indicated that 5-LOX can be induced in mice by MPTP injection, and the 5-LOX inhibitor MK-886 reduced the death of dopaminergic neurons. MK-886 also reduced the LTB4 Ramiprilat induced by MPTP. The development of the novel 5-LOX or FLAP inhibitors may provide a new thera

• Another important question concerns the

  2025-01-13

  

  Another important question concerns the mechanism by which a polyubiquitinated substrate is released from the Cdc48 complex and passed on to downstream components, such as the proteasome. There are at least three proposed models. In the first, a ubiquitinated substrate is transferred by ubiquitin-bi

• Apelin APJ triggers a variety of cellular signaling

  2025-01-10

  

  Apelin/APJ triggers a variety of cellular signaling pathways (Fig. 1). Recent studies from our laboratory showed that apelin-13 induces vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation by the upregulation of Cyclin D1 expression, which is involved in an ERK-dependent activation of Jagged-1/Notch3 si

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